How to Change Shell Linux [3 Effective Methods]

Written by

Ojash

Reviewed by

Akshat

Last updated: June 6, 2024

Expert verified

Switching your shell in Linux can greatly enhance your command-line experience. Whether you’re looking for new features, better performance, or just want to try something different, there’s a method that fits your needs.

In this post, I’ll guide you through three effective ways to change shell in Linux: using the chsh command for a quick switch, manually editing the /etc/passwd file for more control, and installing new shells via the package manager for exploration. By the end, you’ll have the tools and knowledge to customize your Linux environment to suit your preferences and workflow. Let’s dive in and get started!

Why Change Shell Linux?

Switching your shell in Linux can significantly enhance your command-line experience. Different shells come with various features and benefits that can improve your workflow and make your tasks easier and more efficient. Here are some reasons why you might consider changing your shell:

• Customization: Tailor your command-line experience to fit your preferences.
• Unique Features: Access advanced features not available in the default shell.
• Better Performance: Improve the efficiency and speed of your tasks.
• Productivity Tools: Utilize powerful tools for auto-completion and scripting.
• Personalization: Create a more personalized and enjoyable working environment.

How to Change Shell in Linux

For detailed steps for each method to switch shell Linux, continue reading the guide below:

1. chsh Command

The chsh command is a quick and straightforward method to change your default shell, ideal for users who want an immediate switch. By using the chsh command, users can swiftly switch to a different shell, experiencing its unique features and improved functionality without any manual file editing. Here’s how to change shell in Linux using chsh:

1. Open a Terminal window. You can do this by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T.

2. Type the following command and press Enter:

echo $SHELL

3. The output will display the path of your current default shell.

4. Type the following command to change shell using chsh command:

chsh -s /path/to/your/desired/shell

Replace /path/to/your/desired/shell with the path of the shell you want to use. For instance, to switch to Zsh, you would use /usr/bin/zsh.

5. You will be prompted to enter your user password for authentication.

6. Once authenticated, the shell change will take effect immediately.

2. /etc/passwd File

Manually editing the /etc/passwd file suits users who prefer a hands-on approach and full control over their shell change. With direct access to the /etc/passwd file, users can make detailed adjustments, ensuring a seamless transition to the desired shell while maintaining a personalized command-line environment. Please proceed with caution and make backups before proceeding:

1. Access your command window and use a text editor such as nano or vim to open the /etc/passwd file:

sudo nano /etc/passwd

2. The command will open the /etc/passwd file in nano editor.

3. Locate the line that corresponds to your username. It should look like this:

your_username:x:1000:1000:Your Name,,,:/home/your_username:/bin/your_current_shell

4. Change /bin/your_current_shell to the path of the shell you want to use (e.g., /bin/zsh for Zsh).
5. Save the file and exit the text editor.

6. Logout and log back in for the changes to take effect.

3. Installing a New Shell

Installing a new shell through the package manager is an excellent option for users curious about exploring different shells without changing the system’s default shell. Follow these steps to change shell Linux:

1. Launch your command prompt.
2. Use the appropriate package manager to install the desired shell. For example, to install Zsh, run the following command:

sudo apt update

3. The command will update the system packages.

4. Now run the following command command to install Zsh:

sudo apt install zsh

5. After installation, you can set the installed shell as your default using Method 1.

4. Usermod Command

The usermod command is a powerful utility for modifying user accounts in Linux. One of its many features is the ability to change a user’s default shell. This method is particularly useful for system administrators who need to manage multiple user accounts from the command line efficiently.

1. Access the terminal on your Linux system.
2. Use the following command to change shell for a specific user:

sudo usermod --shell /bin/zsh username

Replace /bin/zsh with the path to your desired shell, and username with the actual username of the account you want to modify.

3. After changing shell, verify the modification by checking the user account details:

getent passwd username

Look for the line corresponding to the user and confirm that the last field shows the new shell path.

4. To apply the change, the user must log out and then log back in. This ensures that the new shell is active.

How to see all the shells available on your Linux system?

To see all the shells available on your Linux system, you can check the contents of the ‘/etc/shells’ file. This file typically lists the paths of all the shells installed on your system. Keep in mind that the ‘/etc/shells’ file may vary slightly between different Linux distributions, but it generally serves the same purpose of listing available shells. Here’s how you can view the available shells:

1. Open a Terminal window on your Linux system.
2. Type the following command and press Enter:

cat /etc/shells

3. The output will display a list of paths corresponding to the available shells. Each line represents a different shell installed on your system.

How to Change Shell Temporarily?

Sometimes, you might want to try out a different shell without changing your default shell permanently. This can be useful for testing purposes or for performing tasks that are better suited to a specific shell’s features. Switching to a different shell temporarily is straightforward and can be done directly from the command line.

1. Start by opening your terminal application. To temporarily switch to a different shell, simply type the path of the desired shell and press Enter. For example, to switch to Zsh, you would enter:

/bin/zsh

This command will start the Zsh shell, allowing you to use it for your current session.

2. Once the new shell starts, you can use it as you normally would.

3. You can substitute /bin/zsh with the path to any other shell you want to try, such as /bin/fish for Fish shell.

Any commands you run will be interpreted by the temporary shell. This does not affect your default shell settings.

4. When you’re done using the temporary shell, you can return to your original shell by typing:

exit

This command exits the temporary shell session and brings you back to your default shell.

Changing Shells in Linux: Tips and Tricks

Changing shells in Linux allows users to customize their command-line experience and boost productivity. With these expert tips and tricks, you can confidently transition to a different shell in Linux, unlocking a world of possibilities for a more tailored and efficient command-line experience. Here are five tips and tricks to follow:

• 🔍 Explore Available Shells with ‘cat /etc/shells’: Before making a switch, it’s essential to explore the shells available on your system. Use the command cat /etc/shells in your Terminal to view a comprehensive list of installed shells. This will enable you to make an informed choice based on your needs, preferences, and the features offered by each shell.
• 🔄 Change Default Shell with ‘chsh’ Command: Once you’ve decided on the new shell, changing the default one is straightforward using the chsh command. Open your Terminal and execute the command chsh -s /path/to/shell, replacing /path/to/shell with the actual path of the desired shell (e.g., ‘/bin/zsh’ for Zsh). You’ll be prompted to enter your user password for authentication. Once authenticated, the change will take effect immediately.
• ⚙️ Customize Your New Shell: To maximize the benefits of your chosen shell, consider customizing it to align with your specific workflow and preferences. Tailor the shell prompt to display relevant information, create aliases for frequently used commands to save time, and set environment variables to customize your shell’s behavior.
• 🛠️ Install Plugins and Themes: Many shells offer extensive plugin support, providing additional functionality and streamlining your workflow. For example, Oh My Zsh and Fisherman are popular plugin managers for Zsh and Fish shells, respectively. These managers provide a wide array of add-ons, themes, and utilities that enhance your shell experience. You can find plugins to automate common tasks, improve command completion, and add eye-catching themes.
• 📝 Reverting to the Default Shell: Sometimes, despite careful consideration, a new shell may not meet your expectations or may cause unforeseen issues. If this happens, don’t worry; you can easily revert to your default shell. Use the chsh command again and specify the path of your original shell to restore it as the default.

Linux Change Shell: In a Nutshell

In this article, I have explored several methods to Linux switch shell, including using the chsh command, editing the /etc/passwd file, and installing new shells via the package manager. These approaches offer flexibility to customize your command-line environment, catering to both quick changes and detailed adjustments.

If you found this helpful, you might also enjoy:

• Learning how to check your current shell, which is essential before making any changes.
• Understanding how to clear your bash history, which helps maintain privacy and security in your shell sessions.
• Understanding the use of chmod 755, which is important for setting correct permissions on scripts and files in your new shell.

Frequently Asked Questions